Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor on 28 August 1619 (Frankfurt), two days before the Protestant Bohemian Estates deposed Ferdinand (as king of Bohemia). [157], Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism in his realms on 25 March 1624. [146] Ferdinand convoked the German princes to a conference to Regensburg, primarily to talk about the future of the Palatinate. About Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor Ausztria csszra, Magyarorszg kirlya (1618-1637) , Csehorszg (1617-1637) kirlya, nmet-rmai csszr (1619-1637), Neveltetst nagyban meghatrozta a katolikus hagyomnyok tvtele s a szigor udvari protokoll kell elsajttsa. [54] The resulting agreement was included in the Treaty of Vienna, which granted religious freedom to Hungarian Protestants and prescribed the election of a palatine (or royal deputy) in Hungary on 23 June 1606. Full title: Ferdinand, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, etc. * Frst Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg * Graf Wratislav von Frstenberg * Freiherr Karl von Harrach * Graf Leonhard Helfried von Meggau * Freiherr Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf * Graf Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff * Bischof Anton Wolfradt * Hermann von Questenberg * Bischof Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein * Pater Wilhelm Lamormaini * Hochmeister Johann Kaspar von Stadion Literatur [Bearbeiten], * Khevenhller: Annalen Ferdinands II.. 2. Swedish strength was greatly weakened, but France entered the war on the side of the Protestants out of fear of Habsburg domination. [43][44], The Uskoksirregular soldiers of mixed origin along the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Seamade several attacks against the Venetian ships, claiming that the Venetians cooperated with the Ottomans. (* 9. Ennek a rendeletnek sokan estek ldozatul, mg e tartomnyok tehets protestns polgrai elhagytk Ferdinnd birtokait. [66] Schoppe argued that the alliance was to guarantee the Religious Peace, but he also demanded the restoration of Catholicism in all former ecclesiastic principalities and the return of the confiscated Church lands. [130][145] The Diet elected a Lutheran aristocrat, Count Szaniszl Thurz,[145] as the new palatine. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He avoided committing himself in a quarrel between his cousins, the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II and his brother Matthias, who eventually succeeded Rudolf as emperor. Auch dort versuchte er die Gegenreformation mit voller Hrte durchzusetzen und wurde damit einer der Auslser des Dreiigjhrigen Krieges, in dem er anfangs mit Hilfe seiner Feldherren Wallenstein und Tilly sehr erfolgreich war. [81], Ferdinand sent troops against the Uskoks' principal center at Senj to put an end to their piratical raids in 1614. His cousin, the childless Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was the head of the Habsburg family, appointed regents to administer these lands. [135] The new tribunals sentenced most leaders of the rebellion to death, and 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage on 21 June. [115] The news about Ferdinnd mg a kzdelem sorn, 1637-ben Bcsben meghalt. [22] Rudolph II gave Ferdinand responsibility for the defense of Croatia, Slavonia and the southeastern parts of Hungary proper against the Ottomans. [98] He urged Matthias to send an envoy to Prague, but Matthias' envoy could not reach a compromise. [109] He gave the booty to Ferdinand, but the king returned it to the Moravian Estates. [167] Bethlen promised to launch a new military campaign against Royal Hungary and Richelieu agreed to send a subsidy to him. In: Herwig Wolfram(Herausgeber): sterreichische Geschichte 1522 - 1699. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austrias indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the countrys national integration. [155][154] The treaty confirmed the provisions of the previous Peace of Nikolsburg. Yet, basing his policies chiefly on religious principles, he suffered from discrepancies between his religious goals and the maxims of a modern raison dtat. (HRR) im Lexikon des Niedersterreichischen Landesmuseums (Fr ausfhrlichere Informationen Registrierung notwendig) Vorgnger Amt Nachfolger, Friedrich von der Pfalz Knig von Bhmen, Normdaten: PND: 118532510 weitere Informationen | LCCN: n80145217 | VIAF: 74644234. In the prime of his life Ferdinand was described as a blue-eyed, somewhat corpulent, middle-sized man who wore Spanish court dress. Maga II. First, he ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers; next, he established special commissions to restore the Catholic parishes. During the first decade of the Thirty Years War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinates electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. Aus der Ehe gingen sieben Kinder hervor: * Karl (*/ 25. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. [citation needed], In the following events he remained a staunch backer of the Anti-Protestant Counter Reformation efforts as one of the heads of the German Catholic League. [104] Instead of obeying his orders, the rebels concluded an alliance with the Estates of Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, and Upper Austria. [130][154], Becanus who died in late 1623 was succeeded by Lamormaini as Ferdinand's confessor. A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits. Ferdinnd 1596-ban vette t az osztrk rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak gyakorlati bevezetshez. Archduchess Maria Habsburg of Austria. Born in the castle in Graz on 9 July 1578, Ferdinand was the son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, he was assassinated in 1634. [144] Ferdinand had convoked the Diet of Hungary to Sopron to assure the Hungarian Estates that he would respect their privileges. After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nrdlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor). [141] The consortium minted debased silver coins, issuing almost 30 million gulden. [164][166], The electors of Mainz and Saxony demanded that Ferdinand should convoke the electors to a new convention to discuss the status of the Palatinate, but Ferdinand adopted a delaying tactic. Initially, the imperial party regained control of Bohemia soon enough. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. Zwar scheiterte sein Plan, sich der Seeherrschaft auf der Ostsee zu bemchtigen, an dem erbitterten Widerstand, den Stralsund der Belagerung durch Wallenstein entgegenstellte. [22][24] He named his mother regent and left Graz on 22 April 1598. Habsburg, Katharina-Renata von Habsburg, Elisabeth von Habsburg, Karl von Habsburg, Gregoria-Maximiliana von Habsburg, Eleonora von Habs Maria-Anna von Wittelsbach, Eleonora Gonzaga, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), , Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches Deutscher Nation, Descendants of the first King of Portugal, D.Afonso I Henriques, The Founder, Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich, Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria, H.I. (9 1578 - 15 1637) , 16201637. Aufl., Frankfurt a. M. 1971. [45] Ottoman raids against the borderlands continued and the expenses of the defence of Croatia, Slavonia and southwestern Hungary were almost exclusively financed from Inner Austria. Im Vertrag von Gllersdorf vom 14. [16] Maximilian III renounced the regency and the Emperor made the 17-year-old Ferdinand his own regent. He was the second son of Queen Joanna I of Castile and Habsburg Archduke Philip the Handsome. Yet by maintaining the countrys historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. II. war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. Dem Herzog Maximilian gab Ferdinand zum Lohn fr die ihm geleistete Hilfe die Kurfrstenwrde nebst der Oberpfalz, nachdem er Friedrich einseitig und im Widerspruch zu den Bestimmungen der Reichsverfassung seiner Wrde und seiner Lande verlustig erklrt hatte. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (161937), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (161719, 162027), and king of Hungary (161825). 15. r/ancientrome. Made King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemia in 1627, and King of the Romans in 1636. [68] Ferdinand also tried to strengthen his relationship with his Bavarian relatives, because Matthias's rebellion against Rudolph II and his concessions to the Protestants had shocked Ferdinand. [72] Instead, he adopted Ferdinand's younger brother, Leopold, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at his request. The northern Protestant states, angered by the violation of their rights to choose granted in the Peace of Augsburg, banded together to form the Protestant Union. [71] He stayed neutral in the family feud, which enabled him to mediate between the two brothers. [125][130] The envoy of Louis XIII of France, Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulme, tried to mediate a compromise between Ferdinand and his opponents, but Ferdinand was determined to force his rebellious subjects into obedience. 414423. (Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader.) He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. In 1617, Ferdinand was elected King of Bohemia by the Bohemian Diet. The Second Defenestration of Prague of 22 May 1618 is considered the first step of the Thirty Years' War. [19] The weak position of Catholicism in Graz astonished Ferdinand, especially when he realized that only his relatives and most trusted courtiers celebrated the Eucharist during the Easter Mass. [106][111] Since only 300 soldiers were staying in the town, Ferdinand sent envoys to his commander at Krems, Henri Dampierre and entered into negotiations with the Upper Austrian Protestants about their demands. His solution was to charge the Bohemian soldier and "military entrepreneur" Albrecht von Wallenstein with raising and commanding an Imperial army. [118] Maximilian became the head of a renewed Catholic League and Ferdinand promised to compensate him for the costs of the war. 1648 Erzherzogin Maria Leopoldina, Tochter Erzherzog Leopold V. von sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years' War. So kam es zur Schlacht am Weien Berg, in der Friedrich jedoch am 8. Anfang des Jahres 1634 - Wallensteins Lager befand sich damals in Pilsen - war der aufgestachelte Kaiser durch Berichte Piccolominis, die geheimen Verhandlungen des Generalissimus mit Schweden und Franzosen, vermittelt durch den Emigranten Graf Kinsky, und durch den sog. In 1600 he married Maria Anna of Bavaria, who bore him four children. Corrections? [166] The English, Dutch and Danish envoys concluded an alliance against the Catholic League in The Hague on 9 December 1625. [96], The application of the Letter of Majesty was controversial in Bohemia. [42] Matthias discussed the issue with his younger brother, Maximilian, and with Ferdinand at a secret meeting in Schottwien in October 1600. With the loss of his commander, he was once again forced to rely on the Catholic League army under Tilly, who was unable to stem the Swedish advance and was killed in 1632. Despite the successes of Wallenstein, many of Ferdinand's advisors saw a genuine political threat in the general, citing his growing influence, his increasing number of estates and titles, as well as his extortionate methods of raising funds for his army. [18] A burgher from Graz who had converted to Catholicism, Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, became one of his most trusted courtiers. [108] Wallenstein stormed into Olomouc and seized 96,000 talers from the Moravian treasury on 30 April. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. Anna von sterreich. [158] Maximilian I of Bavaria, who still held Upper Austria in pledge, proposed a cautious approach in the province, but Ferdinand ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers on 4 October. & R.H. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria; Cecilia Renata of Austria and 1 other; and Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Erzherzog, landvoogden van de Nederlanden less Es wurde nun regelrecht Gericht ber Wallenstein gehalten, der fr schuldig erklrt und gechtet wurde.
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